International Protection in Poland for Russians

In recent years, a significant number of Russian citizens have sought refuge abroad, including in Poland. As a member of the European Union, Poland provides the opportunity to obtain international protection for individuals whose lives, freedoms, or safety face real threats.

hat Is International Protection in Poland for Russians and the Reasons for Its Application?

International protection is a special status granted to foreigners who are unable to return to their home country for the following reasons:

Political persecution for expressing opposition views and beliefs;
Belonging to a social group subject to discrimination;
Threats to life and freedom due to participation in protests, activism, or other public activities;
Armed conflicts and systematic human rights violations.

For Russian citizens, the most common reasons for requesting protection include:

Repression and arrests for participating in protests and anti-war demonstrations;
Persecution of journalists, activists, and human rights defenders;
Fear of conscription or punishment for refusing military service;
Threats from authorities or discrimination based on political motives.

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Types of International Protection in Poland for Russians

Under Polish law, Russians can access two main forms of protection:

Refugee Status: Granted to those persecuted based on race, religion, nationality, political beliefs, or membership in a social group.
Subsidiary Protection: Provided when returning to the country of origin poses a threat to the applicant’s life, health, or personal safety due to armed conflicts, violence, or systemic human rights violations.

How to Apply for International Protection in Poland for Russians?

The process of obtaining international protection for Russian citizens involves several stages:

Submitting an Application
- At the Polish border, through the Border Guard Service (Straż Graniczna);
- Within the country, at the Office for Foreigners (Urząd do spraw cudzoziemców, UDSC).
Application Registration
Personal data is recorded along with the circumstances and reasons why the applicant cannot return to Russia.
Interview
A key stage where the applicant must explain their situation and provide well-supported evidence of persecution. This may include documents, certificates, photographs, publications, or witness testimonies.
Application Review
Polish immigration services analyze the submitted materials, verify facts, and make a decision.
Decision
The applicant may be granted refugee status, subsidiary protection, or denied protection. In case of rejection, the applicant has the right to appeal the decision in court.

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Rights and Obligations of Applicants

Individuals who have applied for international protection are granted certain rights during the review process:

The right to reside in Poland;
Access to free medical care;
Legal assistance and translator services;
The ability to work six months after submitting the application;
Access to education for their children.

However, applicants are required to:

Comply with Polish laws;
Cooperate with immigration authorities;
Provide truthful information and documentation;
Notify authorities of any changes in residence or personal details.

Challenges and Support for Russians

Russians seeking international protection in Poland may face challenges such as:

Difficulty gathering evidence of persecution;
Lengthy application review processes;
Adapting to a new cultural and social environment.

Significant support is provided by non-governmental organizations and foundations. For instance, ERA Consulting offers legal consultations and professional assistance.

For Russians facing persecution and threats at home, Poland offers the opportunity to obtain international protection, enabling them to live in safety and rebuild their lives. The procedure requires careful preparation, the provision of evidence, and cooperation with immigration services. Thanks to the support of international and local organizations, the adaptation process becomes more accessible and effective.